A New Book on the Evolution of the Female Body Will Blow Your Mind
In Eve, author and researcher Cat Bohannon turns science's "male norm" on its head, and charts why our bodies are the way they are.
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Cat Bohannon’s new book, Eve: How The Female Body Drove 200 Million Years of Human Evolution, opens with a fact so thoroughly detached from beauty myths and the beauty industry that it makes every “body positivity” message I’ve directly or indirectly encountered entirely irrelevant. The “gluteofemoral fat” that develops in women’s midsections and upper thighs is “chock-full of unusual lipids,” she writes. From the end of pregnancy through the first year of breastfeeding (a crucial time for baby brain development), “the mother’s body starts retrieving and dumping these special lipids by the boatload into the baby’s body.” So, some evolutionary biologists are now positing that “women evolved to have fatty hips” because the compounds they contain “provide the building blocks for human babies’ big brains.”
I cracked open Eve while on the train on the way to drinks, and immediately proceeded to share this fact with everyone I met up with (including a stranger I’d just been introduced to). The book is full of information like this—science and theories that get into how weird (and occasionally wonderful) it is to exist in the present-day Homo sapien female body.
Outrage over the fact of the “male norm” in science is not new, but Bohannon (who has a Ph.D. in the evolution of narrative and cognition) builds upon it in a deeply constructive and fascinating way: She flips that idea on its head and has produced a book about the female norm, explaining along the way how everything from butts to boobs to socialization has made homo sapiens what we are today. (Bohannon is clear throughout that trans women are women. In one of my favorite lines on the subject, she writes: “All atypical sexualities and gender identities are fundamentally ‘natural’ because nothing a body does (including its associated mind, which is itself a product of the body) could ever be unnatural.”)
She’s pulled off an impressive feat, writing a book that is once highly complex—covering literally dozens of academic disciplines—and very readable, while avoiding the behavioral economics pop-science trap of drawing too-neat conclusions. (I did not get Freakonomics flashbacks while reading, and I mean that as a huge compliment.)

It is, however, somewhat difficult to summarize. The titular Eve is broken out into multiple Eves, each one representing a crucial evolutionary element of the female Homo sapien body—Morgie (a nickname for a species found in Wales that lived 205 million years ago), the “Eve of mammalian milk”; Donna, the “Eve of placental mammals” (67-63 million years ago); Habilis (Homo habilis, 2.8-1.5 million years ago), “the Eve of simple tools and associated intelligent sociality.” You get the idea.
“It’s kind of hard to sum up the whole range of research I was reading into,” Bohannon told me over Zoom last week. “I mean, it’s a book about where we come from, and how that makes us what we are, fundamentally, which is always true of books about our evolution. But [it’s also] a survey of some really cutting edge shit that’s going down in the biology of sex differences right now—in part because we were behind in the field, for, like, centuries, maybe forever.”
Overall, she calls the book—which took her 10 years to write, during which she got her Ph.D., was pregnant six times, and gave birth to two children (which she readily volunteers)—“a starter package on this paradigm shift we’re in the middle of.”
Existing as a woman in our increasingly atomized world can be isolating in ways that are hard to even identify. Beyond making me gasp aloud in wonder, Bohannon’s book was an unexpected antidote, delivering a profound sense of kinship with every other woman who’s ever existed (plus those various Eve ancestors). If the paradigm shift is solidarity, shift away.
The following is an adapted excerpt from Bohannon’s new book, Eve, which came out on Tuesday.