That BMI article blurb is kind of misleading. The study showed that "Compared to Caucasians, African-Americans of the same age, gender, waist circumference, weight and height may have lower total and abdominal fat mass"
The sample was just 93 people (53 black, 40 white) who had a diabetic parent but were not diabetic themselves. That suggests it is possible that BMI is less accurate for African Americans, but its also a really small sample and the authors say their needs to be further research. No one is saying the accuracy of BMI depends on race (yet).
The whole thing just makes me a little uncomfortable. For African Americans to have less fat at the same BMI and waist circumference, they would have to have either more muscle mass or heavier bones or be in some other way fundamentally different than Caucasians. It just seems like this kind of research could veer into supporting stereotypes - "See black people ARE biologically better at sports!" At the same time, some Asian doctors use a lower BMI cut-off with their patients since Asians tend to be smaller boned.
@Trulymadlyme: No, it can't just be a shape issue because the saw a difference in total fat. Plus, abdominal fat correlated to health problems so where you store your fat is a definite issue.
@clevernamehere: I'm pretty sure statistically African Americans DO have a higher muscle mass than their Caucasian counterparts. Nothing eugenics about it.
No "faith," or culture, for that matter, should require or even SUGGEST that women negate their entire public selves by wearing a burkha or anything like it. I am entirely in agreement with Sarkozy and applaud his honesty in identifying the appalling, medieval, tribal and deeply mysogynistic practice of burkha-wearing as exactly what it is.
@emmablack: Please. Sarkozy doesn't give a hoot about women's liberation. This is not about empowering women. It's about xenophobia and France's ideas about "Frenchness."
@emmablack: So let's get rid of Orthodox Jewish women's wigs, hair coverings, high collared shirts and long skirts. Let's make sure the ultra-Christian women no longer have access to oversized, modest dresses. This isn't a stance against sexism--it's a stance against Islam. At it's very best it's a stance against a PARTICULAR kind of sexism that penalizes (as @SarahMC: I'm doing this!: said) a much maligned group in France. It's paternalistic bullshit.
Also, long skirts and oversized dresses don't completely eliminate your individuality. They don't make it so that no one can even see who you are. They don't make you into a silent ghost. Not the same. Not the same at all.
@SarahMC: I'm doing this!: I respect your opinion, but I'm not sure I agree. This article puts my feelings about the issue way more eloquently than I could: [www.theage.com.au]
@SarahMC: I'm doing this!: Sorry, jumped the gun - I do draw a line between "policing" and "having an opinion on" women's clothing. I think it's good when high-profile politicians make contentious statements like he has done - at least it draws the spotlight and engenders debate.
I agree with Sarkozy; women who willingly wear the burqa have internalized the sexism. It's not actually specified in the Koran, is it? Wearing a burqa is a man-made religious edict.
Before shouting me down, I urge you to read this very interesting article, Beneath the veil of modesty, Muslim women are shackled by their own sexualisation: [www.theage.com.au]
I'm not a fan of the Burqa or male dominated religions (all of them) but it's stepping a little over the line for Sarkozy to tell the citizens of his country what they should and should not wear. And Sarkozy's rules seem to target the Muslim community and no one else. I don't remember hearing Sarkozy speak so loudly and publicly about orthodox Jewish women not being allowed to wear wigs in public. Do you?
@robotsattack: He is banning all religious adornments in public schools, where they have classes on a Saturday - which is in contravention of Jewish observances. At least, that is my understanding.
A quote from the article: "How could you," I was inclined to say, "join a religion that has such a track record of oppressing women?"
What about Catholicism? What about Hinduism? Haven't all religions been somewhat oppressive of women? If you're going to cite an article, try not to pick one that has such a glaring bias against Islam. I have been blessed to meet and make friends with members of the Muslim community and they are lovely, tolerant, kind people. The girls I know are in no way "oppressed".
@robotsattack: I was trying to stay on-point. It is not anti-Islam. Did you read the whole thing? To quote:
"Islam may not be essentially incompatible with feminism. Muhammad's first wife, Khadijah, was an independent businesswoman, who hired the prophet on her own account, and arranged to marry him because she liked his looks, and because he had carried out her business transactions well.
"There is no reason why she should not be the model for all Muslim women. There is nothing in the Koran about veils. But Islam as it is generally practised is not compatible with women's equality.
"Perhaps this is because Islam seems not to have produced an indigenous movement for women's spiritual equality to compare with the campaign waged by Christian women."
@Diziet_Sma: WE'RE shackled by our own sexualization. Do you really think you shave your legs because you HAVEN'T internalized sexism and female beauty expectations? For the fuck of shit.
@Diziet_Sma: Um yes, I have -- I just don't see why it's okay to even consider outlawing someone else's shackles and not our own. I think it's incredibly xenophobic.
@heatherwritesstuff: I'm not sure you're entirely getting the point of why Diziet_Sma posted that link. Isn't it taken as read on Jezebel that western women are 'shackled by their own sexualisation'? But while no one questions that assumption, in a thread like this it can appear that commenters bend over backwards to remain as neutral as possible when discussing the feminist limitations AS THEY SEE THEM in Islam especially, or they compete for title of the Most Culturally Sensitive.
Acknowledging that western women are culturally manipulated into some form of sexualisation isn't exclusive to acknowledging the same about Islam, if that's what you believe. Critiquing Islam in the context of a personal experience you've had with it (in this case, the writer's sister's conversion) does NOT have to be done in conjunction with criticising Catholicism or Hinduism or other religions oppressive to women. Within all those religious folds, there will be many, many people who are modest, kind and giving - it doesn't make the political structures of those religions any more excusable or appealing.
The least problematic thing about Karen Green's article is not that she's essentially wrong about everything she's positing, it's that she's so remarkably one dimensional about it. For a lecturer in feminism, I'm amazed that she's attempted to juxtapose the willingness of Muslim women to achieve equality with the supposed eagerness of Christian women. To suggest that women veil out of some sense of vanity seems like nothing more than a spurious and not even particularly well thought out theory.
Having said all that, I agree with Sarkozy's statement in the post. Burquas may be chosen by some Muslim women exercising their own free will, but as a culturally recognised symbol they exist as one of 'subjugation and submission'. The fact remains that in parts of the Middle East, there are women who are forced to wear them. Even though they existed long before the Taliban, the use of them as a weapon of control underneath that regime made them a symbol of oppression. The swastika (backwards) was a Buddhist symbol, but it's now become a symbol of Nazism. Defending its history prior to Hitler won't change that association in people's minds, and I think the same is true for the international community's perception of the burka.
I am personally comfortable with expressing my belief that shrouding oneself from head to foot and leaving only a gauzed slit to see out of is abhorrent to me. In my opinion, it's not the way to address the sexualisation of women in society. Women who choose to veil in this way may see it as a path to respect, because they're removing the physical from people's interactions with them. I'm not going to argue with them on whether or not this is effective or works for them, because it's their experience and not mine. But essentially, I don't feel it's just or effective in the long term.
So I really don't see that it's fair to criticise Sarkozy for basically demonstrating that he would like the women of France to be accepted as equals, given that he (like myself and many others) think that the ritualistic covering of only women's faces acts as a huge barrier to this.
Sidebar: I highly recommend the award winning journalist Geraldine Brooks' "Nine Parts of Desire" for a history on veiling in the Middle East.
@audreyapple: I am entirely "getting" why that article is posted, and I think it is both informative and problematic for the exact reasons you listed. Unfortunately, I don't think you're "getting" how to related to this post, which is about Sarkozy's statement and banning the burqua. Do I think burquas and various other Islamic customs are problematic and sexist? Absolutely; I'm not disagreeing with that. I am, however, saying that it is also problematic to consider banning one group's garment and not another, specifically when the group in question is oft-discriminated against in said country.
I think it is ESPECIALLY problematic to criticize such things as an outsider in a position of power. I think it's frankly patronizing for a member of the white male elite to make any assumptions that Islamic women -- in any way -- need to be somehow "saved" by our presumably superior Western laws and customs.
I am not saying that we have to criticize Islam in conjunction with anything, and yes, it is a given ON JEZEBEL that we are shackled by the internalization of various sexist practices. That said, this is NOT a given in mainstream society. How often do French politicians stand up and question the oppressive practices of the beauty industry? Has anyone stood up and banned wearing make-up? How about wearing cross necklaces, because of the patriarchal policies of the Catholic church? No, but France HAS banned headscarves.
I am not saying that burquas or hijabs or headscarves are or are not oppressive, because as a non-Muslim Western woman, it's not really my place to dictate that. They might very well be, and it is indeed important to question these traditions, as it is to question our own. I'm just saying a person in a position of power questioning one without acknowledging the other -- and presuming that "we" are in any way fit or capable to fix the perceived societal problems of another (marginalized) group -- is a Eurocentric, imperialist mentality and it's incredibly offensive.
@audreyapple: Oh, but I will check out the book. I will, however, tell you that I'm a bit nervous because "Geraldine Brooks" sounds about as Muslim as I am. Not that outsiders can't have valid opinions; I'd just prefer to hear it first-hand.
"Do I think burquas and various other Islamic customs are problematic and sexist? Absolutely; I'm not disagreeing with that." That is basically all I am saying.
I am not saying that burquas or hijabs or headscarves are or are not oppressive. . ." Okay, that is in direct contradiction of your previous assertion, but, moving on,
"They might very well be," Eh? "and it is indeed important to question these traditions, as it is to question our own. Yep. That is all I am doing, so where's the beef?
"I'm just saying. . . presuming that "we" are in any way fit or capable to fix the perceived societal problems of another (marginalized) group -- is a Eurocentric, imperialist mentality and it's incredibly offensive. Forgive me, for cutting and pasting from another thread, but - Yeah, I know what you mean and it's a valid point. But there is also a valid argument for the reverse: that Western whites championing burqas smacks just as much of colonialism - as in, 'Let 'em choose for themselves; it's nothing to do with us; we can't say because we don't know what it's like to be them, because they are so different from us.'
@Diziet_Sma: LOL. When I went back and read after posting, I was like, damn, I need to proof-read when I rant.
There should be a "possibly" in my first sentence -- "possibly problematic and sexist." I think they definitely COULD be; I just think it's not OUR place to say, as I articulated better in my second "contradictory" comment.
I totally see your point about just stepping off. It's a tough call. I guess my main beef is that there are better ways to show support for women's freedom and choices than by... taking away their choices!! Not to mention making a relatively reductionist argument in a public forum that denounces a cultural tradition of an already maligned group of people.
If this was the representative of a group of French Muslim women speaking on behalf of French Muslim women, I'd be like, rock on ladies. Do what you need to do. I'm pretty open to similar arguments made by people like Ayaan Hirsi Ali. But I get all prickly and angry inside when some powerful white dude tries to tell a marginalized group what to do, and implies that "our" ways are in some way superior while failing to acknowledge our own societal failures. That reeks of condescension to me.
Anyway, as always with Jezebel, this has become left-leaning people arguing over pretty similar left-leaning opinions. Can we agree to disagree?
@heatherwritesstuff: We can agree to disagree if you like, but my point is that I think we are actually saying the same thing! I'm in no way supporting Sarkozy in his perceived goal of outlawing burqas - I am just saying I agree with his comment as it is quoted in the original Jez post above.
@Diziet_Sma: Cool! For what it's worth, you seem very informed and I dig your opinions.
@audreyapple: No worries! Again, you also make some very good points. I will totally check out the book; I certainly agree that an "outsider" can be tremendously informed and can make some very valid insights. For instance, I really enjoyed Krakauer's Under the Banner of Heaven, and he is by no means a member of the FLDS. So, this book sounds like it's very much worth the read. Thanks for the recco!
I had a dream yesterday that I was being recruited to be a Carla Bruni double, along with a bunch of other girls. We were supposed to dye our hair, do some clothes shopping, and head to France to fend off paparazzi by providing decoys. For the record, I don't really resemble Carla Bruni much.
Was my dream symbolic in a way? Do women wear it so they can go about life anonymously?
This is so blantantly ethnocentric of Sarkozy. I am furious. A democracy should promote freedom of religion, not supress it. This is a step backwards for women.
So if a woman REALLY had her choice, , was in control of her own life, making her own decisions, and was not worried about repercussions, violence from her relatives - that woman would CHOOSE to wear this.
@HartleyZodiac: My assumption is that, yes, some women would make that choice. As someone mentioned above, for many women it's a reflection of their faith.
@HartleyZodiac: Yes, it is in fact often an individual choice. Also, I'm not going to name names but I know at least one commenter on here 'actually wears a burka'. I figure she will pop in herself if she fancies it. But yes, women, very many women, choose to wear the burka without any pressure whatsoever from their government/families.
@HartleyZodiac: I agree with you. I don't think anyone would wear something like that unless there was outside pressure to. Before the Taliban and other forms of fundamentalist Islam took over the middle east, women didn't wear them. I don't know how so many of you can so easily defend wearing a burqa. It is so oppressive, so blatantly sexist - why only women? How come men don't have to be so "modest"? I just don't understand why so many of you jump to its defense.
@ULTRAPRISON!: umm, actually, the burka has existed for several hundred years, and is not an invention of the taliban. Not to be overly harsh, but I would really suggest that you familiarize yourself with the history of the dress (and perhaps the cultural implications and associations of it) before making sweeping (and in this case incorrect) statements about it. I am surprised that you can deliver such a scathing indictment of a cultural practice that you seem to know so little about.
Furthermore, Burkas are not worn only in the middle east. they are worn all over the world by muslim women, including in Africa.
Also, there is, in fact, a prescribed dress code for men which many men do, in fact, follow. A skull cap, much like a yamluke, which is to be worn at certain times of the day, for example. Again, please read up on the topic and I'm sure you'll come across further specifics as to what is prescribed for the men.
A burqa could be what Sarkozy says it is, or it could be something a Muslim woman decided to wear in observance of her religion. I'm an atheist, but people should be free to observe their religions any way they want, as long as it doesn't harm others.
Really, Bork doesn't understand the meaning of the word empathy? Really? Also, the man seriously believes we should unstintingly interpret the Constitution as it was "interpreted" in 1797. Seriously, empathy?
09/25/09
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06/22/09
The sample was just 93 people (53 black, 40 white) who had a diabetic parent but were not diabetic themselves. That suggests it is possible that BMI is less accurate for African Americans, but its also a really small sample and the authors say their needs to be further research. No one is saying the accuracy of BMI depends on race (yet).
The whole thing just makes me a little uncomfortable. For African Americans to have less fat at the same BMI and waist circumference, they would have to have either more muscle mass or heavier bones or be in some other way fundamentally different than Caucasians. It just seems like this kind of research could veer into supporting stereotypes - "See black people ARE biologically better at sports!" At the same time, some Asian doctors use a lower BMI cut-off with their patients since Asians tend to be smaller boned.
06/22/09
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Also, long skirts and oversized dresses don't completely eliminate your individuality. They don't make it so that no one can even see who you are. They don't make you into a silent ghost. Not the same. Not the same at all.
06/22/09
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06/22/09
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06/22/09
Before shouting me down, I urge you to read this very interesting article, Beneath the veil of modesty, Muslim women are shackled by their own sexualisation: [www.theage.com.au]
06/22/09
I'm not a fan of the Burqa or male dominated religions (all of them) but it's stepping a little over the line for Sarkozy to tell the citizens of his country what they should and should not wear. And Sarkozy's rules seem to target the Muslim community and no one else. I don't remember hearing Sarkozy speak so loudly and publicly about orthodox Jewish women not being allowed to wear wigs in public. Do you?
06/22/09
06/22/09
A quote from the article: "How could you," I was inclined to say, "join a religion that has such a track record of oppressing women?"
What about Catholicism? What about Hinduism? Haven't all religions been somewhat oppressive of women? If you're going to cite an article, try not to pick one that has such a glaring bias against Islam. I have been blessed to meet and make friends with members of the Muslim community and they are lovely, tolerant, kind people. The girls I know are in no way "oppressed".
06/22/09
"Islam may not be essentially incompatible with feminism. Muhammad's first wife, Khadijah, was an independent businesswoman, who hired the prophet on her own account, and arranged to marry him because she liked his looks, and because he had carried out her business transactions well.
"There is no reason why she should not be the model for all Muslim women. There is nothing in the Koran about veils. But Islam as it is generally practised is not compatible with women's equality.
"Perhaps this is because Islam seems not to have produced an indigenous movement for women's spiritual equality to compare with the campaign waged by Christian women."
06/22/09
06/22/09
06/23/09
06/23/09
Acknowledging that western women are culturally manipulated into some form of sexualisation isn't exclusive to acknowledging the same about Islam, if that's what you believe. Critiquing Islam in the context of a personal experience you've had with it (in this case, the writer's sister's conversion) does NOT have to be done in conjunction with criticising Catholicism or Hinduism or other religions oppressive to women. Within all those religious folds, there will be many, many people who are modest, kind and giving - it doesn't make the political structures of those religions any more excusable or appealing.
The least problematic thing about Karen Green's article is not that she's essentially wrong about everything she's positing, it's that she's so remarkably one dimensional about it. For a lecturer in feminism, I'm amazed that she's attempted to juxtapose the willingness of Muslim women to achieve equality with the supposed eagerness of Christian women. To suggest that women veil out of some sense of vanity seems like nothing more than a spurious and not even particularly well thought out theory.
Having said all that, I agree with Sarkozy's statement in the post. Burquas may be chosen by some Muslim women exercising their own free will, but as a culturally recognised symbol they exist as one of 'subjugation and submission'. The fact remains that in parts of the Middle East, there are women who are forced to wear them. Even though they existed long before the Taliban, the use of them as a weapon of control underneath that regime made them a symbol of oppression. The swastika (backwards) was a Buddhist symbol, but it's now become a symbol of Nazism. Defending its history prior to Hitler won't change that association in people's minds, and I think the same is true for the international community's perception of the burka.
I am personally comfortable with expressing my belief that shrouding oneself from head to foot and leaving only a gauzed slit to see out of is abhorrent to me. In my opinion, it's not the way to address the sexualisation of women in society. Women who choose to veil in this way may see it as a path to respect, because they're removing the physical from people's interactions with them. I'm not going to argue with them on whether or not this is effective or works for them, because it's their experience and not mine. But essentially, I don't feel it's just or effective in the long term.
So I really don't see that it's fair to criticise Sarkozy for basically demonstrating that he would like the women of France to be accepted as equals, given that he (like myself and many others) think that the ritualistic covering of only women's faces acts as a huge barrier to this.
Sidebar: I highly recommend the award winning journalist Geraldine Brooks' "Nine Parts of Desire" for a history on veiling in the Middle East.
06/23/09
I think it is ESPECIALLY problematic to criticize such things as an outsider in a position of power. I think it's frankly patronizing for a member of the white male elite to make any assumptions that Islamic women -- in any way -- need to be somehow "saved" by our presumably superior Western laws and customs.
I am not saying that we have to criticize Islam in conjunction with anything, and yes, it is a given ON JEZEBEL that we are shackled by the internalization of various sexist practices. That said, this is NOT a given in mainstream society. How often do French politicians stand up and question the oppressive practices of the beauty industry? Has anyone stood up and banned wearing make-up? How about wearing cross necklaces, because of the patriarchal policies of the Catholic church? No, but France HAS banned headscarves.
I am not saying that burquas or hijabs or headscarves are or are not oppressive, because as a non-Muslim Western woman, it's not really my place to dictate that. They might very well be, and it is indeed important to question these traditions, as it is to question our own. I'm just saying a person in a position of power questioning one without acknowledging the other -- and presuming that "we" are in any way fit or capable to fix the perceived societal problems of another (marginalized) group -- is a Eurocentric, imperialist mentality and it's incredibly offensive.
06/23/09
06/23/09
"Do I think burquas and various other Islamic customs are problematic and sexist? Absolutely; I'm not disagreeing with that." That is basically all I am saying.
I am not saying that burquas or hijabs or headscarves are or are not oppressive. . ." Okay, that is in direct contradiction of your previous assertion, but, moving on,
"They might very well be," Eh? "and it is indeed important to question these traditions, as it is to question our own. Yep. That is all I am doing, so where's the beef?
"I'm just saying. . . presuming that "we" are in any way fit or capable to fix the perceived societal problems of another (marginalized) group -- is a Eurocentric, imperialist mentality and it's incredibly offensive. Forgive me, for cutting and pasting from another thread, but - Yeah, I know what you mean and it's a valid point. But there is also a valid argument for the reverse: that Western whites championing burqas smacks just as much of colonialism - as in, 'Let 'em choose for themselves; it's nothing to do with us; we can't say because we don't know what it's like to be them, because they are so different from us.'
06/23/09
There should be a "possibly" in my first sentence -- "possibly problematic and sexist." I think they definitely COULD be; I just think it's not OUR place to say, as I articulated better in my second "contradictory" comment.
I totally see your point about just stepping off. It's a tough call. I guess my main beef is that there are better ways to show support for women's freedom and choices than by... taking away their choices!! Not to mention making a relatively reductionist argument in a public forum that denounces a cultural tradition of an already maligned group of people.
If this was the representative of a group of French Muslim women speaking on behalf of French Muslim women, I'd be like, rock on ladies. Do what you need to do. I'm pretty open to similar arguments made by people like Ayaan Hirsi Ali. But I get all prickly and angry inside when some powerful white dude tries to tell a marginalized group what to do, and implies that "our" ways are in some way superior while failing to acknowledge our own societal failures. That reeks of condescension to me.
Anyway, as always with Jezebel, this has become left-leaning people arguing over pretty similar left-leaning opinions. Can we agree to disagree?
06/23/09
06/23/09
@audreyapple: No worries! Again, you also make some very good points. I will totally check out the book; I certainly agree that an "outsider" can be tremendously informed and can make some very valid insights. For instance, I really enjoyed Krakauer's Under the Banner of Heaven, and he is by no means a member of the FLDS. So, this book sounds like it's very much worth the read. Thanks for the recco!
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Was my dream symbolic in a way? Do women wear it so they can go about life anonymously?
06/22/09
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06/22/09
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Furthermore, Burkas are not worn only in the middle east. they are worn all over the world by muslim women, including in Africa.
Also, there is, in fact, a prescribed dress code for men which many men do, in fact, follow. A skull cap, much like a yamluke, which is to be worn at certain times of the day, for example. Again, please read up on the topic and I'm sure you'll come across further specifics as to what is prescribed for the men.
06/22/09
Honestly, not being Muslim, I am very uncomfortable with making sweeping statements about Islam or legislating what can or cannot being worn.
06/22/09
06/22/09
Exactly, this is key.
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