Dear sexist pop "psychologists": Please stop saying that women are hard-wired to be good with body language, social skills, and communicating. It makes life that much harder for those of us who are living proof that this is not true.
Social skills and interpersonal clues have never come naturally to me; I've had to learn them all on my own and still struggle with them. It makes it all worse that I'm of the gender for whom these ideas are supposedly encoded into our DNA. While guys who are socially inept have difficulties, too, for them, awkward can be occasionally seen as cute or endearing. This is never the case for girls. We're perceived as freaks, even developmentally-challenged, if interpersonal intelligence is not effortless to us. And all thanks to this bogus idea that all girls are social butterflies that people refuse to let go away!
Sorry, this one is just really touchy for me because it's negatively affected my life in so many ways, and still does today.
@Erda: This is late but I wanted to agree with this comment. Social skills did not come easily to me, not at all. I am pretty socially adept these days, but that's because I paid close attention to the people around me and how they behaved and tried to merge those things into my life. Mind you, this was a conscious decision that took at least a decade. There was nothing inborn and natural about it.
Not to slam someone who has obviously spent a lot of time and thought on this issue, but I call BS on this theory.
I am as feminist as they come. My son is now 13. I was the stay-at-home mom in a two-mom household. I recall very clearly going to play groups with my other feminist women neighbors and marvelling at the behavior differences we would see right in front of us ... the 1 year old girls sitting calmly in the living room, the boys destroying the kitchen and slamming the cabinets because, well, they could, and the sound was loud and funny. We all remarked constantly about how we wanted to parent without resorting to gender stereotypes but it was really hard to do when the children refused to cooperate and behaved so stereotypically!
Of course, I didn't do a bunch of research. I just have my own life experience.
@leftyleftylou: The thesis of the article wasn't that there aren't observable difference between boys and girls (sometimes). It was about the source of those differences which appears to be mostly from socialization that begins at birth rather than innate physical differences.
@leftyleftylou: Here lies the problem with comparing personal experience to research:
Even someone who has spent a great deal of time with dozens of children (say a daycare worker) is only going to have seen a specific subset of children. No one is sitting around taking detailed notes for later statistical analysis so it is very easy for presumptions and trends to become facts.
Researchers on the other hand, often study hundreds of children. There are often multiple observers and regularized forms of operations.
Three moms can notice that Little Johnny and Little Timmy climb more than Little Susie and Little Mary, but that could easily be a temperament difference rather than a gender difference. Or perhaps the moms are primed to see Johnny and Timmy as more active because they've heard boys are more active. Or maybe Johnny and Tommy are a 2 weeks older and that is part of the difference. Or maybe Johnny and Timmy's parents are more encouraging of activity while Mary and Susie's parents are naturally more cautious (a trait they have passed on to their child). It could be a combination of dozens of things.
Meanwhile, a researcher looking in on this situation isn't just going to think about which kids are more active, they are going to video tape these kids and have a team assistants code each active behavior. These kids will then be added to a sample from different playgroups that will include information about age in weeks, gender, race, educational status of parents, economic status, marital status of parents and number of other children in the home.
You can't really compare the two. For me, the trick about all these gender comparisons is would they sounds offensive if you inserted the name of any ethnic or cultural group (preferably your own). "Jewish babies aren't nearly as active as Mexican babies, it must be biology!" (There are measureable cultural differences in the activities of young children, but I don't think anyone chalks them up to race- ex American babies self-feed more often than Latino babies and I think African babies walk sooner than other babies)
For what its worth, I'm not a mother but I spent a huge amount of time babysitting when I was younger. There are probably 20 families I spent more than 100 hours with over the years and I never noticed a gender trend in behavior. Interests yes, behavior no.
@clevernamehere: No offense, but you began your post by citing the problems with personal experience, but end it with validating your position with personal experience.
There are gender differences. The research is clear. Claiming that children are gender tabla rasas undermines the valid point that culture takes over at a very early age, and any differences that do not conform to the standard are discouraged.
Parents are not the only agents in this. As a parent, a feminist, a teacher, I was shocked at how early I "lost control" of my children, a boy and a girl. They go to school...they start to read..they have older friends who tell them how things are. Read "The Nurture Assumption" to get a glimpse of research that shows how parents are not the profound influences we think they are.
@orangecatlover: I wasn't validating my opinion with personal experience. I explained why research is more reliable than personal experience. I concluded by pointing out my personal experience which obviously is going to be different than someone else's.
There is loads of research out there on gender, but it is not as though the problem has been solved and we know what is innate and what is socialized. Fairly recently they showed the difference in math ability between girls and boys directly correlated to female empowerment when you looked at the country level data. If boys and girls in Sweden do equally well in math, you can't say its gender even if boys and girls in the UK are miles apart.
No one is saying that parents are the reason children act the way they do, what the piece is saying is that so much of the world is gendered that kids pick up on it. You can despise pink, but if all your daughter's female classmates love it and every ad tells her girls wear pink, there is a good chance she will love pink. 100 years ago pink was a traditional color for boys so you can hardly argue its an innate feminine preference.
FYI- The Nurture Assumption has a very mixed response based on methodology. Its interesting, but not the be all end all.
Although I was a few years older than my brother, he was allowed to play outside until dark because he was a boy. But when he didn't return home on time, I was the one sent out to find him.
John Colapinto's excellent and highly readable book "As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl" disputes Eliot's claims. Some feminist groups have long insisted that gender differences are not inborn, but that insistence can have tragic results, as Colapinto demonstrates.
@CoalMineCanary: I think it's a very complex mixed bag. I mean, there are transgender people who report knowing from a very early age that they identified as a gender different from their biological sex. Children born with ambiguous genitalia, altered by doctors shortly after birth and raised to conform to their assigned identity often report serious psychological discomfort as well. But then I truly believe that some things - liking makeup or trucks or whatever - seem to be highly socialized. So my best guess is this: there is such a thing as innate gender identity wiring, but it doesn't have to take the stereotypical forms that popular culture assumes (e.g. there is no reason a person could not identify as a woman but also be good with mechanical things, or identify as a man but still be a fashion designer).
@CoalMineCanary: The feeling of belonging to a gender could be inborn without specific behaviors (or every gender behavior) being inborn.
For that matter, I'm pretty sure Colapinto didn't have a vagina. They took away his testes and gave him estrogen but I think Colapinto could see that physically he was different than other girls which had to have had an effect even before he knew about the surgery.
On a somewhat related note, I always wonder how this plays out with our female puppy. Particularly because my husband loves to pamper her and cuddle with her, and I somehow think he would treat her much differently if she were a male dog.
Since I had an older brother, I dressed a lot in boy clothes and played with Star Wars action figures. I wonder if I would have had different interests if I had a sister instead.
@Grim Reaper of the Forest: I have definitely noticed (a) That strangers on the street tend to assume that my dog is a girl (because I'm a woman I guess?) and (b) that they talk to him differently when they think he's a girl. It's truly bizzare.
@Grim Reaper of the Forest: My parents have a male golden retriever. He receives nightly ear rubs and baby talk from my dad and brother - it would be impossible for them to coddle that dog any more than they do, even if it were a girl.
I'm really surprised "boy" babies are seen as more difficult as I've found on a personal level the opposite is true. But anecdotal evidence is not the same as research.
After 5 months of parenting I have to say I think I'm doing a pretty good job of treating the baby in a totally gender non-specific way. Today a stranger referred to him as "her" for a whole conversation and I didn't even bother to correct them. Of course, his current preference for toys is based solely on it's ability to fit in his mouth so no worries about trucks or dolls yet.
@BlondeGrlz: I always thought when people said boy "babies" are harder, they meant toddlers, not infants. I know the conventional wisdom is that boys are harder for the first few years and girls are harder as pre-teens and teens. Which...whatever. Maybe that's only because people tolerate worse behavior from toddler/pre-K boys because "boys will be boys!" It's so freaking circular.
It's funny, because my mother raised my brother and I the exact opposite of that. I was the cranky baby, I was the one who couldn't sleep unless she was physically attached to someone. He was the friendly, outgoing one who everyone adored. I was the climber, I was the one who was allowed to hang upside down from trees at 4 years old and walk balance beam across the porch. He was clumsy and held back. Things swung the other way as we aged, but it's really interesting to me that I was apparently a "boy" for my early life and he was raised as a "girl."
@Zombie Ms. Skittles: I don't think that your mother did raise you as a boy from what you've said.
Some babies are very cranky- they don't sleep well, the have colic, they're easily upset- while other are just easy to be around.
What the article is saying is that even when the exact same baby is given to people, the boy is assumed to be angrier and the girl is assumed to be happier. The baby didn't change so it can't be innate temperament or gender, its just expectations. The fact that people have these expectations doesn't mean they are totally oblivious to temperament, just that a cranky baby will be consider more friendly when the baby is a girl (even if the evidence isn't there).
If the baby I'm expecting now turns out to be a girl it's likely I'll underestimate her climbing abilities, but the same is true if it turns out to be a boy because my first kid (a boy) is so not a climber, and whenever I see my nephew scaling something I go o.O
@redqueenmeg: Oh man, I used to be able to get from floor to the top of the refrigerator in like, 30 seconds flat. I'd push a chair over to the counter, climb up on top of it, then open a cabinet and use the doors to pull myself up to the refrigerator. One time, the door snapped off in my hand and I went flying down to the floor. I still vividly remember that and I couldn't have been older than 3 or 4. My masterpiece was being able to reach the top of a free-standing cabinet by actually climbing up the shelves.
@redqueenmeg: I used to scare the hell out of my parents by shimmying up to the ceiling in a narrow hallway in my house and jumping down to surprise them as they walked past. Or by climbing from the tree in the backyard onto the roof. Then I broke both of my arms attempting some feat at age 10 and was put off the acrobatics forever. Sigh.
I still get irritated thinking about the mom I met at my neice's birthday party who insisted that her little girl loved purses and 'instinctively' knew what to do with them - like a 'little gatherer'!!!!
Bah! I nearly went ballistic. She knows how to use a purse - NOT because our ancestors were hunters and gatherers - but because YOU wear a purse, and YOUR MOTHER wears a purse, and YOUR FRIENDS wear purses, and WOMEN ON TV wear purses. KIDS ARE SMART!
/rant -- Sorry - but this sort of thing really bothers me, can you tell?
@district of confusion: The mother of one of the boys and I nicknamed her son, "the little purse boy" because he thought that it was the biggest treat in the world to get to carry his mom's and my purse when we would go shopping. Yeah, kids imitate those they love and admire.
I don't care what gender they are; as long as they spend their days screaming and shitting their pants, babies are getting the silent treatment from me.
I noticed the same thing with my parents. My brother didn't have the same restrictions on driving that I did-- my parents made me wait about a year before they would let me think about getting a license (by that point the fear of driving was so instilled into me, I wouldn't get my license until I forced to years later for a job). My brother got his permit and then license as soon as he was legally able. There were also other little differences in their treatment of us-- my mom, who is a L&D nurse made sure I heard all of her horror stories, but didn't go out of her way to tell my brother. On the flipside, my parents encouraged me in all my creative endeavors, but encouraged my brother to go into computer science. I work in a creative field now, but I wonder if they would be so encouraging if I were a boy (and thus have to be a "breadwinner").
@Sputnik_Sweetheart: Is your brother older or younger? I'd be curious about Anna's too. Specifically, I wonder if this is as much a birthorder as a gender thing.
As the oldest, I came up against a lot of my parents' boundary issues, and had tons of restrictions placed on me that my younger siblings (a sister and brother) never had to deal with.
@betty.black: As an older sister, I wonder too if the stricter rules I had were because I was a girl, or just because by the time they got to my brother they were much more laissez-faire.
My mother should read this. It might help undermine her conviction that my sister's rejection of a toy firetruck and fishtank in favour of a baby doll at the age of 2 is evidence of gender essentialism.
I don't have a brother, but I'm sure my sister had more 'boy' reactions than I did. Everyone thought she would be a boy until she was born; my parents didn't find out her sex, but while in the womb she demanded nachos, chili out of a can, milk, chinese takeout and greasy potato pancakes. They even called her 'Zulu' when she was a baby because my mum loved, like to a crazy extent, that horribly racist and violent film while she was pregnant with my sis (whereas with me she had to leave the room if there was shouting). She turned out to be very physical while I had been verbal, learning to run very early and refusing to talk or read long after the age when I picked up my first book. Hell, she even got the blue things and I got pink. My mum insists that she was trying to respond to our personalities rather than impose personalities on us, but I wonder if it was a little self-fulfilling.
Weirdly enough, it turned out my sis hated having blue stuff, and since we were first allowed to decorate our own rooms mine have been blue and hers have looked like they belonged in Marie Antoinette's chambers.
If and when I get pregnant and hold a baby shower, I'm seriously considering sending 1/3 of the invites with "It's a boy!", 1/3 with "It's a girl!" and 1/3 with "It's a surprise!". Hopefully the crazy mix of gender-normed gifts will help me remember not to essentialize my kids. And my son will end up with a sparkly wand and tutu :)
@Artemis47: That's an excellent idea. My BFF tried to keep her baby a surprise and told baby shower guests to buy only gender neutral stuff. Instead, her MIL decided she "knew" it was a girl and bought everything pink and told her family to do the same.
@BlondeGrlz: Given that MIL clearly cares deeply about gender norms, I would love to see the look on her face when she walks into her grandson's room and sees Disney Princess crap everywhere. I think effusive thanks for such wonderful and useful shower gifts are in order.
Alas, she would probably only take home a lesson about making assumptions, rather than that gender doesn't fucking matter when you're buying baby clothes.
09/03/09
Social skills and interpersonal clues have never come naturally to me; I've had to learn them all on my own and still struggle with them. It makes it all worse that I'm of the gender for whom these ideas are supposedly encoded into our DNA. While guys who are socially inept have difficulties, too, for them, awkward can be occasionally seen as cute or endearing. This is never the case for girls. We're perceived as freaks, even developmentally-challenged, if interpersonal intelligence is not effortless to us. And all thanks to this bogus idea that all girls are social butterflies that people refuse to let go away!
Sorry, this one is just really touchy for me because it's negatively affected my life in so many ways, and still does today.
09/05/09
09/03/09
I am as feminist as they come. My son is now 13. I was the stay-at-home mom in a two-mom household. I recall very clearly going to play groups with my other feminist women neighbors and marvelling at the behavior differences we would see right in front of us ... the 1 year old girls sitting calmly in the living room, the boys destroying the kitchen and slamming the cabinets because, well, they could, and the sound was loud and funny. We all remarked constantly about how we wanted to parent without resorting to gender stereotypes but it was really hard to do when the children refused to cooperate and behaved so stereotypically!
Of course, I didn't do a bunch of research. I just have my own life experience.
09/03/09
09/03/09
Even someone who has spent a great deal of time with dozens of children (say a daycare worker) is only going to have seen a specific subset of children. No one is sitting around taking detailed notes for later statistical analysis so it is very easy for presumptions and trends to become facts.
Researchers on the other hand, often study hundreds of children. There are often multiple observers and regularized forms of operations.
Three moms can notice that Little Johnny and Little Timmy climb more than Little Susie and Little Mary, but that could easily be a temperament difference rather than a gender difference. Or perhaps the moms are primed to see Johnny and Timmy as more active because they've heard boys are more active. Or maybe Johnny and Tommy are a 2 weeks older and that is part of the difference. Or maybe Johnny and Timmy's parents are more encouraging of activity while Mary and Susie's parents are naturally more cautious (a trait they have passed on to their child). It could be a combination of dozens of things.
Meanwhile, a researcher looking in on this situation isn't just going to think about which kids are more active, they are going to video tape these kids and have a team assistants code each active behavior. These kids will then be added to a sample from different playgroups that will include information about age in weeks, gender, race, educational status of parents, economic status, marital status of parents and number of other children in the home.
You can't really compare the two. For me, the trick about all these gender comparisons is would they sounds offensive if you inserted the name of any ethnic or cultural group (preferably your own). "Jewish babies aren't nearly as active as Mexican babies, it must be biology!" (There are measureable cultural differences in the activities of young children, but I don't think anyone chalks them up to race- ex American babies self-feed more often than Latino babies and I think African babies walk sooner than other babies)
For what its worth, I'm not a mother but I spent a huge amount of time babysitting when I was younger. There are probably 20 families I spent more than 100 hours with over the years and I never noticed a gender trend in behavior. Interests yes, behavior no.
09/03/09
There are gender differences. The research is clear. Claiming that children are gender tabla rasas undermines the valid point that culture takes over at a very early age, and any differences that do not conform to the standard are discouraged.
Parents are not the only agents in this. As a parent, a feminist, a teacher, I was shocked at how early I "lost control" of my children, a boy and a girl. They go to school...they start to read..they have older friends who tell them how things are. Read "The Nurture Assumption" to get a glimpse of research that shows how parents are not the profound influences we think they are.
09/03/09
There is loads of research out there on gender, but it is not as though the problem has been solved and we know what is innate and what is socialized. Fairly recently they showed the difference in math ability between girls and boys directly correlated to female empowerment when you looked at the country level data. If boys and girls in Sweden do equally well in math, you can't say its gender even if boys and girls in the UK are miles apart.
No one is saying that parents are the reason children act the way they do, what the piece is saying is that so much of the world is gendered that kids pick up on it. You can despise pink, but if all your daughter's female classmates love it and every ad tells her girls wear pink, there is a good chance she will love pink. 100 years ago pink was a traditional color for boys so you can hardly argue its an innate feminine preference.
FYI- The Nurture Assumption has a very mixed response based on methodology. Its interesting, but not the be all end all.
09/05/09
Is it now. Still seems pretty controversial to me.
09/03/09
09/03/09
09/03/09
09/03/09
For that matter, I'm pretty sure Colapinto didn't have a vagina. They took away his testes and gave him estrogen but I think Colapinto could see that physically he was different than other girls which had to have had an effect even before he knew about the surgery.
09/03/09
09/03/09
Since I had an older brother, I dressed a lot in boy clothes and played with Star Wars action figures. I wonder if I would have had different interests if I had a sister instead.
09/03/09
09/03/09
09/03/09
After 5 months of parenting I have to say I think I'm doing a pretty good job of treating the baby in a totally gender non-specific way. Today a stranger referred to him as "her" for a whole conversation and I didn't even bother to correct them. Of course, his current preference for toys is based solely on it's ability to fit in his mouth so no worries about trucks or dolls yet.
09/03/09
09/03/09
09/03/09
Some babies are very cranky- they don't sleep well, the have colic, they're easily upset- while other are just easy to be around.
What the article is saying is that even when the exact same baby is given to people, the boy is assumed to be angrier and the girl is assumed to be happier. The baby didn't change so it can't be innate temperament or gender, its just expectations. The fact that people have these expectations doesn't mean they are totally oblivious to temperament, just that a cranky baby will be consider more friendly when the baby is a girl (even if the evidence isn't there).
09/03/09
09/03/09
09/03/09
09/03/09
Bah! I nearly went ballistic. She knows how to use a purse - NOT because our ancestors were hunters and gatherers - but because YOU wear a purse, and YOUR MOTHER wears a purse, and YOUR FRIENDS wear purses, and WOMEN ON TV wear purses. KIDS ARE SMART!
/rant -- Sorry - but this sort of thing really bothers me, can you tell?
09/03/09
09/03/09
09/03/09
09/03/09
09/03/09
As the oldest, I came up against a lot of my parents' boundary issues, and had tons of restrictions placed on me that my younger siblings (a sister and brother) never had to deal with.
09/03/09
09/03/09
09/03/09
Weirdly enough, it turned out my sis hated having blue stuff, and since we were first allowed to decorate our own rooms mine have been blue and hers have looked like they belonged in Marie Antoinette's chambers.
09/03/09
09/03/09
09/03/09
Guess who didn't have a girl?
09/04/09
Alas, she would probably only take home a lesson about making assumptions, rather than that gender doesn't fucking matter when you're buying baby clothes.